A Database for Urdu Text Detection and Recognition in Natural Scene Images

Asghar Ali Chandio; Mehwish Leghari; Mukhtiar Ahmed Memon; Mehjabeen Leghari; Akhtar Hussain Jalbani

doi:10.22581/muet1982.2001.05

Asghar Ali Chandio School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Australia
Mehwish Leghari Department of Information Technology Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan.
Mukhtiar Ahmed Memon Department of Information Technology Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan.
Mehjabeen Leghari Department of Information Technology, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Akhtar Hussain Jalbani Department of Information Technology Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2001.05

Abstract

Conventional solar cells are not economical and are recently too expensive to the manufacturers for extensive-scale electricity generation. Cost and efficiency is most vital factor in the accomplishment of any solar technology. In order to improve the conversion efficiency, the major research in thirdgeneration photovoltaic (PV) cells is directed toward retaining more sunlight using nanotechnology. Advancement in nanotechnology solar cell via quantum dots (QDs) could reduce the cost of PV cell and additionally enhance cell conversion efficiency. Silicon quantum dots (Si-QDs) are semiconductor nano crystals of nanometers dimension whose electron-holes are confined in all three spatial dimensions. Quantum dots have discrete electronic states. Quantum dots have capacity to change band gap with the adjustment in size of quantum dot. As the quantum dots size fluctuates over a wide range that demonstrates the variety of band gap so it will assimilate or discharge light. In this paper, the generic mathematical models of PV cell are adopted and then I-V and P-V characteristic curves are obtained from selected parameters using MATLAB software. The essential parameters are taken from datasheets. I-V and P-V characteristics curves are obtained for selected model. Silicon quantum dots have the tunable band gap that is added to conventional PV cell and obtain the I-V and P-V curves. After simulation, efficiency and power of Conventional PV cell to quantum dots based PV cell is compared. The property of quantum dots is used in extending the band gap of solar cells and increasing the maximum proportion of incident sunlight absorbed, hence improving efficiency.