Development and Validation of Technology Enhanced Learning Framework Driven by Flipped Methodology Learning Environment

Technology has contributed in every aspect of society. Academics is not an exception. The management of educational technology has come up with exceptional results in the new paradigm of learning environment. In recent years, flipped learning approach has gained much popularity and has been more widely accepted and adopted as a driving force for enabling active learning. This paper defines the formulation of novel framework, inspired by flipped learning approach, leading to effective learning environment. It also describes a novel extension of student-centered learning by integrating educational technology, technology enhanced learning strategy, student questions generation and instant response system into the higher education. It also examines the impact of this extension on student learning engagement, motivation, attitude, and calculating the impact of acceptance for unconventional education on the overall system. The result indicated that effective learning environment has a significant positive effect on learning motivation and engagement. The result showed that the constructs of education technology, technology enhanced learning strategy, students question generation and instance response system in the presence of “impact of acceptance for unconventional education” has an effect on formulating effective learning environment. Research recommendations are given on the basis of results of the study.


INTRODUCTION
F lipped classroom a widespread word, new idea and an alternative pedagogical approach in which teacher-centered learning instruction is shifted to student centered approach. Flipped classroom has reversed the conventional classroom learning environment. Therefore, it has newly gained much popularity, acceptance and has become commonly implemented in most of the educational institutions. The flipped classroom or student centered method is to introduce students to course contents outside of the class so that students can engage at a deeper level in the classroom [1]. In other words, flipped learning method is supported by blended learning approach, and teaching strategy which reverses the conventional instruction by providing learning/instructional contents online available to students outside from the learning classroom. It brings all the activities into the classroom which is considered to be a homework in a traditional learning environment. Flipped classroom methodology is a new approach in which students watch and study online lectures and learning contents provided by the teacher. Students understand the contents and carryout study at their own time. In the classroom students engage in concept/practical implementation with the supervision of a teacher. The inverted classroom is based on studentcentered methodology and approach which is considered as a different method and perception including peerassisted learning, active learning concept and constructivism [2].
Active learning is a method in which students engage in the instructional process by means of different activities like exploring, communicating, analyzing, creating, reflecting and actually using new information or experience. In active learning, students are involved in conceptual learning activities which lead to a practical involvement of students in the processes. Through which different levels of student centered activities need to be completed by student involvement. Peer instruction is an evidence based interactive teaching [3]. Student centered approach and peer instruction is considered as a foundation of the inverted classroom. Peer instruction and active learning shifted the responsibility of learning from educator to student. Relatively flipped method is a new approach in education that focused on learner-centered instruction. The model helped and allowed administration and teachers to shape a dynamic process and move active-learning environment in the institution [4]. Student's attitude and engagement in learning is one of the basic factors for success of flipped classroom and to maintain quality learning in the class, teacher must give more contribution openings for students. Student support is required to be sufficiently structured. If not, there is a possibility that from the flipped classroom desirable results may not achieved, and it may take students to low learning situation because of low motivation and frustration in the classroom.
Efficiency of the flipped approach can be improved by maintaining student's attitude and motivation [5]. It is important in the flipped classroom that the instructor should rely on multiple models and multiple approaches for the success of better understanding and learning such as small and short lectures for evaluation, group discussions and student's enquiry [6]. The flipped classroom activity must be designed so that it should provide maximum openings for learning and construct expressive individual knowledge. At the same time, it should provide an opportunity for quality cognitive skills like analyzing, evaluating and practical implementation [7]. Student-centered approach improves student thinking approach and ability. In the process students will be able to question from the course contents in their own words and they will be capable to understand and match it to their previous knowledge. When students start generating their own questions, it's proved that approach is effective and it stimulates students into quality thinking and engages practical understanding in student-centered method. Students generated questions engage students in learning activities and learning contents. They get more understanding and increase their interaction in the classroom. This positive result from active learning on students success has been examined in many areas including mathematics, language, sciences and reading [8]. Flipped classroom provides mutual collaboration and stronger communication [9]. Student's responses can be tallied and graphically displayed through IRS in the classroom simultaneously [10]. Students in the flipped classroom can direct their opinions instantly which identifies the students entrust in learning and at the same time teachers can see a larger picture of overall class improvement in actual time. [11]. Many researchers have observed the impact of IRS on learning and they have noticed a constructive erudition outcome. In cooperating education strategies and learning activities through flipped classrooms is a pedagogy and reinforced by technologies which will definitely encourage students learning, understanding, motivation, learning spirit, attitudes, learning commitment, engagement and will enhance their high order thinking ability in higher education teaching.  Blended Learning: Blended learning technique has also great impact on students learning and teaching process.

LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Blended learning model is a learning process which is based on a combination of traditional classroom and activities in an online education environment. In a blended learning course, the students might go to a lesson instructed by a speaker in a conventional classroom setting, whereas too exclusively carrying out online components of the course exterior of the classroom [18].

TPACK Framework:
It is an innovative integration system that identifies three sorts of information that has to be combined for fruitful education technology integration [19]. Fig. 2 [20]. The revised strategy has been defined for TEL as "Enhancing instruction and knowledge using of technology". TEL will bring three levels of potential benefits. It identifies that learner not yet progressive into an area of speciality may lead to student discouragement and lack of attention in the contents, making prospects of speculation impractical. Therefore, it may be right that less established learner can be disappointed by anxieties for their period and devotion, the disagreement that learner in overall cannot adjust to this approach until they are progressive is not reinforced by the indication.
Freshmen are frequently taking a diversity of programs in different discipline classes, which mandate a diversity of teaching approach. In addition, there are also classes based on pre-learning and in class discussion dependent like literature. "This aspect has become the foremost corner stone for the use of technology and strategy in order to utilize this model in higher education sector".  Today's children utilize specialized electronic gadgets from their primary stage so that any new and unused learning technologies at primary level will not be an issue.
In the field of instruction social media provide and democratize education by giving larger space to information and concepts which give noteworthy openings to create more capable societies and to spread knowledge. They moreover yield education outside the class into the active space of students [24]. A great advantage is the effect of digital technologies that promotes the interaction between teacher and learner.
Learners are enabled through their more noteworthy recognition and competence with the modern computerized technologies. With a lot of benefits modern technologies carry some risks as well [25]. Also a question raises whether internet is making us doltish, or damaging our protection and making a digital panoptic on [26]. [24] To influence learning experience in children's education, intellectual and metacognitive procedure advancement [29].

Content Analysis and Competitive Benchmarking:
Benchmarking is one of the strategies higher education The utilization of innovation such as understudy reaction frameworks permits for more student engagement and interaction, which may progress the quality of students' learning. An Effective learning environment can also be achieved when student question generation and student response time both are active. [34].
In addition, students who are not sure or who may be less slanted to talk in open are more likely to take an interest in utilizing the understudy reaction framework since all reactions are mysterious. Improving interaction within the classroom can lead to way better and more viable learning. Verbal addressing and answering, which is the foremost common shape of interaction between teachers and students, is used to look in and include students effectively within the classroom, assess students' learning and give instructive criticism to understudies. When learners are having difficulties, the teacher must be inspired enough to devote the additional period it takes to guarantee that the learner finally knows existing contents. This may be extremely puzzling since learners' ability levels differ [35]. Our course contents motivate both ways. The interesting and explanatory slide display, the lecture nature of the guide, the related rehearsal trainings, and the extremely organized key ideas method will capture and grip your learners' consideration, and make it easy and informal for the student to remain motivated.

RESEARCH GAPS
(i) The core aspect of technology integration to enhance flipped classroom effectiveness has not been critically examined as per the literature.
(ii) The application of TEL strategies to enhance ELE is an area where applied research presents a void (iii) Active learning implementation and system acceptability explored in few studies (iv) The lack of acceptance for un-conventional teaching methodologies combined with lack of adequate technology driven mechanisms to fulfil the educational needs is an area to be focused upon, is addressed in this research.
(v) A comprehensive TEL framework, based on identified factors for ELE need formulation.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS
(i) What is the impact of TEL on ELE?
(ii) What are the main factors which influence ELE?
(iii) Can a new approach of active learning strategy e.g. FL can improve ELE?
(iv) What is the impact of "acceptance towards unconventional learning" on ELE as a moderator?

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
(i) To estimate the impact of TEL on overall learning environment.
(ii) To determine the key factors that influence ELE.   Table 2. All the factors are selected through frequency method, independent and dependent variables are identified and extracted from literature review.   Fig. 6 shows histograms of the independent variables.

Data Normality (Exogenous Variables):
All the histograms of the variable are normally distributed.
Data Normality: (Endogenous Variables): Table 4 Skewness, Kurtosis and Shapiro wilk test result are given for independent variable which shows that data is parametric. Fig. 7

Development and Validation of Technology Enhanced Learning Framework Driven by Flipped Methodology Learning Environment
Variables

Development and Validation of Technology Enhanced Learning Framework Driven by Flipped Methodology Learning Environment
Validity and Reliability of Scale: Validity and reliability of scale is identified in

CONCLUSION
This research study develops and empirically validates a conceptual framework that addresses the core issue of The research also concludes that the speed of response for a given examination or a discussion topic greatly enhances the productivity of a classroom. The effective learning environment is generated when a particular query is answered and the teacher in that class can actively generate an overall consensus about that query. The instant response system in classrooms of today can be enhanced through the use of technology. The immediate response is more so required in a virtual classroom. In today's world more classrooms are turning virtual and the students from all over the world join a particulate discussion panel. In this situation instant response system can greatly create an educational environment best suited for effective learning.

RECOMMENDATIONS
(i) Other variables and moderators can be added to the study.
(ii) Longitudinal studies may be conducted building upon the proposed framework.