Article Information  
A Survey of Semantic Computing: General and Islamic Domain Applications

Keywords: Semantic Computing, Semantic Searching, Ontology, Islamic Legal Rulings, Fatawa

Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology

Volume 35 ,  Issue 2

ADNAN AHMED  SIDDIQUI , ZUBAIR AHMED  SHAIKH , AQEEL-UR-REHMAN   ,

References
1. Gil, Y., Gonzalez-Calero, P.A., Kim, J., Moody, J., and Ratnakar, V., “A Semantic Framework for Automatic Generation of Computational Workflows using Distributed Data and Component Catalogues”, Taylor & Francis, Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, Volume 23, No. 4, pp. 389-467, Uk, July, 2011.
2. Hendler, “Semantic Search - Faceted Search and Semantic Web”, Drupal.org, URL: https://www.drupal.org/project/ semantic_search, September, 2006 Last Accessed on: November 7, 2014
3. Alsayyed, N., “Shari’ah Board,The Task of Fatwa, and Ijtihad in Islamic Economics, and Finance”, Malaysia, URL: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/20204, January, 2010 (Last Accessed on: April 2, 2015).
4. Nanji, A.A., “Muftî”, The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World, Oxford Islamic Studies Online, URL: http:/ /www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0548 March, 2009 (Last Accessed on: March 23, 2015)
5. Masud, M.K.M., “Brinkley, and Powers”, David S., (Editor) “Islamic Legal Interpretation: Muftis and Their Fatwas”, Harvard University Press, pp. 431, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1996
6. Kaptein, N.J.G., "The Voice of the ‘Ulamâ’: Fatwas and Religious Authority in Indonesia,", Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions, Volume 49, No. 125, pp. 115- 130, France, January, 2004.
7. "Darulifta Jamia Binoria, Fatwa Section", Jamia Binoria, Pakistan, URL: http://www.jamiabinoria.net/efatawa/ index.html, 2003 (Last Accessed on: March 20, 2015)
8. "Jamia Darululoom Karachi Legal Ruling Section", Jamia Darululoom Karachi, Pakistan, URL: http:// darululoomkarachi.edu.pk/ur/?page_id=20, 2015 (Last Accessed on: March 25, 2015)
9. Sh., M.,H., and Kabbani, "What is a Fatwa?", Islamic Supreme Council of America (ISCA), USA, URL: http:/ /www.islamicsupremecouncil.org/understanding-islam/ legal-rulings/44-what-is-a-fatwa.html, March, 2010 (Last Accessed on: March 25, 2015)
10. Sudeepthi, G., Anuradha, G., and Babu, M.S.P., "A Survey on Semantic Web Search Engine", International Journal of Computer Science, Volume 9, No. 2:1, Republic of Mauritius, March, 2012.
11. Malik, K., Prakash, N., and Rizvi, S., "Ontology Creation Towards an Intelligent Web: Some Key Issues Revisited", International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Volume 3, No. 1, pp. 44-52, Singapore, February, 2011
12. Bittencourt, I.I., Costa, E., Silva, M., and Soares, E., "A Computational Model for Developing Semantic WebBased Educational Systems", Elsevier, Knowledge-Based Systems, Volume 22, No. 4, pp. 302-315, Netherlands, May, 2009.
13. Madhu, G., Govardhan, A., and Rajinikanth, T., "Intelligent Semantic Web Search Engines: A Brief Survey", International Journal of Web & Semantic Technology, Volume 2, No. 1, pp. 34-42, India, January, 2011.
14. Nikitina, N., Rudolph, S., and Glimm, B., "Interactive Ontology Revision", Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web, Volume 12-13, Special Issue, pp. 118-130, Netherlands, 2012.
15. Fernandez, M., Cantador, I., Lopez, V., Vallet, D., Castells, P., and Motta, E., "Semantically Enhanced Information Retrieval: an Ontology-Based Approach", Elsevier, Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web, JWS Special Issue on Semantic Search, Volume 9, No. 4, pp. 434-452, Netherlands, December, 2011
16. Blair, D.C., "Some thoughts on the Reported Results of TREC", Information Processing & Management, Elsevier, Volume 38, No. 3, pp. 445-451, UK, May, 2002.
17. Jain, A.K., and Yu, B., "Document Representation and its Application to Page Decomposition", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Volume 20, No. 3, pp. 294-308, Washington, DC, USA, March, 1998.
18. Lauritsen, M., "Current Frontiers in Legal Drafting Systems", 11th International Conference on AI and Law, pp. 1-15, 2007
19. Branting, L.K., Lester, J.C., and Callaway, C.B., "Automated Drafting of Self-Explaining Documents", Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and law, pp. 72-81, Melbourne, Australia, June, 1997.
20. Shahzadi, N., and Sawar, M.J., "Semantic Network Based Classifier of Holy Quran", International Journal of Computer Applications, Volume 39, No. 5, pp. 43-47, United States, February, 2012
21. Saad, S., Salim, N., and Hakim, Z., "Towards ContextSensitive Domain of Islamic Knowledge Ontology Extraction", International Journal for Infonomics, Volume 3, No. 1, pp. 197-206, UK, March, 2010
22. Abbas, N.H., "{Quran 'Search for a Concept' Tool and Website", Unpublished Thesis,School of Computing, University of Leeds, June, 2009 URL: http:// quranytopics.appspot.com/, (Last Accessed on: January 22, 2015)
23. Fazli, A.H., "The Quran: Creation or Command", International Journal of Humanities and Religion, Volume 1, No. 2, pp. 62-68, December, 2012
24. Mylonas, P., Athanasiadis, T., Wallace, M., Avrithis, Y., and Kollias, S., "Semantic Representation of Multimedia Content: Knowledge Representation and Semantic Indexing ", Multimedia Tools and Applications, Volume 39, No. 3, pp. 293-327, Springer US, September, 2008
25. Manning, C.D., Raghavan, P., and Schutze, H., "Introduction to Information Retrieval", Cambridge University Press, England, June, 2008
26. Case, D.O., "Looking for Information: A Survey of Research on Information Seeking, Needs and Behavior", Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 3rd Edition, pp. 491, UK, April, 2012
27. Hepp, M., and Roman, D., "An Ontology Framework for Semantic Business Process Management", Proceedings of Wirtschaftsinformatik, pp. 423-440, Germany, February, 2007
28. Wimalasuriya, D.C., and Dou, D.,"Ontology-Based Information Extraction: An Introduction and a Survey of Current Approaches", Journal of Information Science, Volume 36, No. 3, pp. 306-323, UK, March, 2010
29. Marcondes, C.H., Malheiros, L.R., and da Costa, L.C., "A Semantic Model for Scholarly Electronic Publishing in Biomedical Sciences", Semantic Web Journal, Volume 5, No. 4, Netherlands, 2014.
30. Labra Gayo, J.E., De Pablos, P.O., and Cueva Lovelle, J.M., "WESONet: Applying Semantic Web Technologies and Collaborative Tagging to Multimedia Web Information Systems", Elsevier, Computers in Human Behavior, Volume 26, No. 2, pp. 205-209, UK, March, 2010
31. Compton, M., Barnaghi, P., Bermudez, L., GarcíACastro, R., Corcho, O., Cox, S., Graybeal, J., Hauswirth, M., Henson, C., and Herzog, A., "The SSN Ontology of the W3C Semantic Sensor Network Incubator Group", Elsevier, Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web, Volume 17, pp. 25-32, Netherlands, December, 2012.
32. Fensel, D., Bussler, C., Ding, Y., Kartseva, V., Klein, M., Korotkiy, M., Omelayenko, B., and Siebes, R., "Semantic Web Application Areas", Proceedings 7th International Workshop on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems, Stockholm, Sweden, June, 2002.
33. Cardoso, J., "The Semantic Web Vision: Where are We?", IEEE, Intelligent Systems, Volume 22, No. 5, pp. 84-88, USA, October, 2007
34. Gangemi, A., and Mika, P., "Understanding the Semantic Web through Descriptions and Situations", On The Move to Meaningful Internet Systems, CoopIS, DOA, and ODBASE, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 689-706, Springer-Verlag, Italy, November 2003
35. Mommers, L., "Ontologies in the Legal Domain", Poli, R., and Seibt, J. (Editors)," Theory and Applications of Ontology: Philosophical Perspectives, Chapter-12, pp. 265-276, Springer, UK, 2010.
36. Yauri, A.R., Kadir, R.A., Azman, A., and Murad, M.A.A., "Quranic Verse Extraction base on Concepts using OWLDL Ontology", Maxwell Science, Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering & Technology, Volume 6, No. 23, pp. 4492-4498, UK, December, 2013.
37. Khan, H.U., Saqlain, S.M., Shoaib, M., and Sher, M., "Ontology Based Semantic Search in Holy Quran", International Journal of Future Computer and Communication, Volume 2, No. 6, pp. 570-575, Singapore, December, 2013
38. Yunus, M., Zainuddin, R., and Abdullah, N., "Semantic Query for Quran Documents Results", IEEE Conference on Open Systems, pp. 1-5, Malaysia, December, 2010.
39. Saad, S., Salim, N., and Zainal, H., "Islamic Knowledge Ontology Creation", IEEE, Internet Technology and Secured Transactions, pp. 1-6, UK, November, 2009.
40. Azmi, A., and Bin Badia, N., "An Application for Creating an Ontology of Hadiths Narration Tree Semantically and Graphically", The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Volume 35, No. 2C, pp. 7-24, Saudi Arabia, 2010
41. Azmi, A., and Bin Badia, N., "An Application for Creating an Ontology of Hadiths Narration Tree Semantically and Graphically", The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Volume 35, No. 2C, pp. 7-24, Saudi Arabia, 2010
42. Azmi, A., and Bin Badia, N., "iTree-Automating the Construction of the Narration Tree of Hadiths (Prophetic Traditions)", IEEE International Conference on Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Engineering, pp. 1-7, Beijing, China, August, 2010.
43. Dalloul, Y.M., "An Ontology-Based Approach to Support the Process of Judging Hadith Isnad", Master Thesis, Islamic University of Gaza, Palestine, March, 2013.
44. Desilver, D., "World's Muslim Population More Widespread than you Might Think", Pew Research Center, USA, June, 2013 URL: http:// www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/06/07/worldsmuslim-population-more-widespread-than-you-mightthink/ (Last Accessed on: March 18, 2015)
45. "Muslim Population by Country," Religion & Public Life, Pew Research Center, USA, January, 2011 URL: http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/table-muslimpopulation-by-country/ (Last Accessed on: March 22, 2015).
   


© 1982-2017 Mehran University Research Journal Of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro, 76062, Sindh, Pakistan. All Rights Reserved.