Individual and Organizational Impact of Enterprises Resources Planning System in Healthcare Sector

Use of ERPS (Enterprise Resource Planning System) in healthcare sector has positive impacts. The purpose of this research is to find out the individual and organizational impact in healthcare sector. Hypotheses were postulated that the use of ERPS has positive individual and organizational impacts. A research questionnaire was used to test these hypotheses which have twelve dimensions for both impacts. This instrument was adopted from literature and self-administrated to 504 individuals with response rate of 60% and only 56% of questionnaires were used. The results of this study revealed that the use of ERPS has positive individual and organizational impacts. This study will help the healthcare organizations to find out impacts of ERPS in healthcare sector and also to better understand the individual and organizational impacts.


INTRODUCTION
E RPS are integrated systems having single database which connects all departments of an organization for better operations and decision making so in order to speed up the processes of an organization there has been a substantial improvement in information systems which can be recognized as ERPS [1]. An organization can successfully implements ERPS in a short time period but it cannot be assumed that it can achieve benefits from it shortly as it needs time for the realization of its actual benefit. The high cost and complexity associated with ERPS had forced organizations to reconsider their strategy for procuring and implementing it [2]. Most importantly the implementation of ERPS causes some organizations to enjoy considerable improvements while others may face disruptive changes in organization's existing system [3]. organizations implement it for better communication and planning [7]. Numerous risks exist in ERPS implementation like re-engineering of process, relational databases and business process interdependence linkages [8]. Risks in an organization come from its environment including structure of organization and conditions in which system is applied [9]. The failure of ERPS can be due to many factors like absence of proper business management, inappropriate planning and alteration in business goals during ERPS implementation [10]. The problems related to ERPS implementation can be alleviated through reengineering of business process and use of careful communication [11].

HERPS (Healthcare Enterprise Resource Planning System)
can be defined as an integrative system that covers widespread information of healthcare unit including the patient statistics, clinical facts and management of finances [12]. Healthcare units are complex institutions that consist of large departments for patient care and "Enterprise Resource Planning" in these institutions can assists in better-quality of healthcare practices and services [13]. The application of information system in healthcare has resulted in better management of health services, increased patient care quality and improved decision making in administration [14]. ERPS is adopted as it possesses three essential properties i.e. ERPS encompasses a multifunctional perspective and covers many different areas of healthcare organization as it has a modular structure and system integration by which a same data set can be shared by many departments [15].
Healthcare units require integrated systems which permit the procedure planning to be applied on patients while instantaneously examining the necessary capacity [16].
Several studies have been carried out that have analyzed the use of ERPS on healthcare units [17][18]. The success factors for the implementation of ERPS in small healthcare organization has been studied by Trimmer,et. al. [18] while McGinnis, et. al. [17] reported the case of a small hospital in rural area that had a successful implementation of ERPS.
There are many threats and challenges for healthcare organizations which are adopting ERPS as structure of these organizations are very complex and have various functional areas that make difficult for ERPS to be implemented effectively [19]. So the culture of an organization and user perception has a direct impact on success of ERPS implementation.

Individual Impact
Individual impact is related to enhancement in efficiency and abilities of individual person in an organization while using ERPS [20]. In this research it is related to impact on doctors, nurses etc. individual impact has four aspects i.e. learning, awareness, effective decision making and individual productivity [20]. First aspect is about learning of system's user while using ERPS. Learning is the most important aspect for healthcare professionals and ERPS Information", "Effectiveness in Job" and "User's Productivity" as dimensions given by Gable et al., [20].

Organizational Impact
The benefits received by an organization through the use of information system are known as the organizational impact. Information technology impact on organization is checked through the performance of business [21][22] which further leads to the value of business [23]. The measurement of organizational impact is carried out as strategic value and competitive advantage [24], capacity utilization, effectiveness and efficiency of an organization and market value [25]. In this research organizational impact includes "Cost Effectiveness", "Reduced Staff Cost", "Reduced Admin Cost", "Improvement in overall Productivity", "Improvement in Output", "Increased Capacity", "Better E-Governance" and "Improved Business Process" as dimensions given by Gable, et. al. [20].

Research Methodology
On the basis of previous studies following research hypotheses are postulated H1: The use of ERPS has positive individual impact.
H2: The use of ERPS has positive organizational impact.
In this research a questionnaire was used as originally developed by Gable, et. al. [20]. Only dimensions for individual and organizational impact are used. This questionnaire has four question for individual impact and eight dimensions for organizational impact along with four questions for demographics i.e. gender, age, experience and job title All questions are used on five point likert scale i.e. 1= strongly disagree and 5= for strongly agree. This questionnaire is self-administrated in 504 individuals with response rate of 60% as only 302 individuals returned filled questionnaire but only 279 were utilized which is 56% only.  has more concentration as compared to other options so we can conclude that a considerable reduction in staff cost is possible due to use of ERPS in healthcare services. Like previous questions, option "agree" and "strongly agree" have more concentration of respondents so we can conclude that the use of ERPS can reduce administration cost in healthcare services. strongly disagree with this statement. Fig. 3 shows the graphical representation of this specific question. As most of the respondents' response concentration is on agree side so can easily conclude that overall productivity in healthcare services is increased while using ERPS.

Improvement in Output: Next question in organizational
impact was about the improvement in overall outcomes while using ERPS. The statement of the question was "ERPS has resulted in improved outcomes or outputs" which is asked to be rated on five point likert scale. 7 EPRs has a positive organizational impact in healthcare services and hypothesis H2 is also supported.

CONCLUSION
The