Peculiarities of Printing on Paper with Addition of Licorice Cellulose

This study examines the possibility of using paper based on lint cellulose with addition of licorice cellulose for printing. The physical, mechanical and printing characteristics of paper, were studied towards this end. The addition of licorice cellulose components into the lint cellulose composition changed the surface nature and paper structure, which are defining phenomena of humidification, adsorption, adhesion, ink penetration and swelling. A reduction of paper sponginess by 15% increases the resolution capability smoothness. This stimulates the provision of image high legibility. According to the research of the results of paper whiteness and opacity which define paper printing properties, it is possible to conclude that the research paper is fit for printing of single-color outputs. The use of licorice cellulose in cellulose-paper industry will solve the problem concerning not only raw materials but the ecology at the same time due to utilization of licorice root waste and use of hydrogen peroxide instead of carcinogenic sodium hypochlorite.

P aper printability, is determined by printing properties, which are characterized by optical characteristics of a printed copy National Standard [ . The change of ink transfer quantity from plate to paper has an influence on optical density of printed copy and printing quality. They are due to nun-uniformity of the paper. The structure of the print paper's surface is one of the most important properties as a bearer of printed image. First of all this determines the settling ability of surface, that is, the possibility to reproduce separately, with quite high degree of exactness and legibility, the printing elements of definite size [2][3][4][5]. The addition of other fiber semiprocessed materials into paper composition are essential factors, changing paper surface structure and improving its quality. The problem of studying the degree of influence on printing characteristics of used paper raw fibers with flexibility, network in sheet, capability to fibrillation and establishment of hydrogen bonds. Density 1.52-1.54 g/nm 3 degree of polymerization n-12000. Fibers of cotton bear breaking strain up to 412 mPa.
The use of lint cellulose in cellulose-paper industry of Uzbekistan Republic, the country of limited timber resources, provides the possibility of producing different paper types with high saturating capacity and chemical uniformity. They are successfully being used for production of lasting valuable types of paper. Nowadays non-wood types of raw materials, can be used for production of cellulose and chemical thermo-mechanical grammage, but they are not used. The resources are immense due to yearly replenishment. For many decades Tashkent institute of textile and light industry has been carrying out research on the use of non-wood raw materials for production of different cellulose-paper products.
Considerable practical experience was accumulated on their processing.
A study has been made of the specific peculiarities of morphological build-up, chemical composition and use of fiber semi-processed materials from waste products.
Waste products were taken from textile industry: spoils of real silk [6][7][8]; from agricultural industry [9][10][11]; from chemical fibers [12][13]. The results of this research showed workability and practical possibility of the use stems and waste converting in production of fiber semi-processed materials for paper manufacture. Their printing properties were examined too [14][15]. One of the licorice typescommon licorice grows in the river basin of Amu Darya. It is spread in eastern and southern regions of Kazakhstan, Kyrghyzstan, and also in southern steppe regions of Western and Eastern Siberia. Licorice is perennial plant, the root mass of which incomparably exceeds the footstalk weight. As the years go by, the licorice root system occupies large areas: its quickly growing shoots can extend for up to dozens of meters throwing out footstalks from the buds on the ground surface. The licorice root is one of the oldest pharmaceuticals. Even though, one would think, extensive application of licorice in medicine and in other branches, research is being carried out concerning the use of waste licorice root in the ñållulose-paper industry [16][17]. As initial raw material, the cotton cellulose was used for paper production with given printing characteristics. It is produced from cotton lint (Uzbekistan) with cellulose addition of waste licorice root, which is unfit for use on direct application. However, after appropriate treatment, they can be used as raw materials for paper production in accordance with the developed technology. In the work, the study has been made of influence regularities with licorice cellulose addition on printed copy optical density, printing quality.

METHODS
For sheet formation it has been received a cellulose from licorice root waste according to the developed method under different conditions [17].

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In different kinds of raw material the content of cellulose is within 40-60%, in straw footstalks 30-35%, cotton fibers contain 90-95% of cellulose. According to indices of cellulose from licorice root waste (Table 1) it is shown that licorice contains 85% of cellulose, i.e. it is quite suitable for paper production.
The use of licorice cellulose in cellulose-paper industry will solve the problem concerning not only raw materials but the ecology at the same time due to utilization of licorice root waste and use of hydrogen peroxide.
The optimum amount of water (from 4.4-6%) in the paper will provide printing process without complications. Short weight of cellulose licorice filled mesh cell of the long fibers, which is confirmed by the values of sponginess.
By medium size of voids of the paper have a microstructure (0.01-0.05 microns). Research roughness showed that matte paper.
It is known that the physical tincture increment takes place because of coloring creeping, paper sponginess and other reasons. As for optical increment -it happens due to absorption by printed elements margins of a scatter light in paper thickness, which penetrates in it through voids. The analysis of paper properties (Table 2) containing licorice and cotton cellulose reaffirms the possibility of using cellulose as additive into paper composition. This improves its printing properties and decreases paper sponginess that is so necessary for providing image high legibility. In order for the printing inks penetrating into paper did not decrease the optical effectiveness of the given ink quantity, at the same time decreasing the color gamut, it is necessary that the paper opacity was more than 80%.
According to the research of the results of paper whiteness and opacity (Fig. 2) which define paper printing properties, it is possible to conclude that the research paper is fit for printing of single-color outputs. According to optical density of printed copies D pc and ink quantity, which passed on paper, we characterized ink acceptance and its capability to oppose «printing through», which were defined during printing with fixed ink thickness on a plate.

TABLE 1. CHARACTERISTIC OF USED CELLULOSE SAMPLES
Microstructure of this paper provided ink uniform distribution on the surface of image elements. The structure of licorice cellulose provides high resolution capability, i.e. the possibility of scanning of small image details. This improves paper printing properties, its capability to ink acceptance, which defines the printed copy quality.
Ink trapping shows (Fig. 5) that for all samples more than 50% of ink passes from a plate. The ink transference from a plate onto a paper is increased with increasing of licorice cellulose content in it.
Thus, the research showed that addition of licorice cellulose into paper mass from cotton cellulose produces positive influence on paper printing properties. By studying physical, mechanical and printing paper properties it has been established that a reduction of paper sponginess by 15% increases the resolution capabilitysmoothness and provides high legibility of image.

CONCLUSION
The experimental results proved that paper based on cotton cellulose with addition of licorice cellulose can be used for printing of single-color outputs.