Article Information  
Appraisal of Biogas Potential of Biogas from Animal Dung in Saeedabad, Pakistan

Keywords: Quantification of Animal Dung, Biogas Potential, Biogas Required, Design of Biogas Plant.

Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology

Volume 36 ,  Issue 3

AMJAD  ALI SHAH , ABDUL RAZAQUE SAHITO   ,

References
1. Imran S., "Evaluating Effectiveness of Biogas Technology and its Effect on Environment. Human Health and Socioeconomic Condition, A Case Study in Sialkot and Narowal District", M.Phil, Thesis (Environmental Sciences), Lahore School of Economics, Lahore, 2012.
2. CIA, The World Factbook, https://www.cia.gov/library/ publications/the-worldfactbook/geos/pk.html, (Retrieved 11th January, 2016).
3. World Wide NGV Statistics NGV Journalhttp:// www.ngvjournal.dreamhosters.com/en/statistics/item/ 911-worldwide-ngv-statistics (Retrieved 2nd February, 2016).
4. Külling, D.R., Menzi, H., Dohme, F., Sutter, F., Lischer, P., and Kreuzer, M., "Methane Emissions of Differently Fed Dairy Cows and Corresponding Methane and Nitrogen Emissions from their Manure during Storage", Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Volume 79, pp. 129-150, 2002
5. Abbassi, T., Tauseef, S.M., and Abbasi, S.A., "Biogas and Biogas Energy: An Introduction", Springer Briefs in Environmental Science, Volume 2, No. 1, 201
6. Brown, V.J., "Biogas a Bright idea for Africa", Environmental Health Perspectives, Volume 114, No 5, pp. 300-303, 2006.
7. Pakistan Livestock Census, www.pbs.gov.pk/content/ pakistan-livestock-census-2006 (Retrieved 4th October, 2016)
8. Prakash, C.G., "Final Report on Technical Study of Biogas Plant Installed in Pakistan", Asia/Africa Biogas Program Netherlands Development Organization, 2007
9. Lassey, K., "Livestock Methane Emission and its Perspective in the Global Methane Cycle", Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, Volume 48, pp. 114-118, 2008
10. Gautum, R., Baralb, S., and Heart, "Biogas a Suitable Energy Sources in Nepal Present Status and Future Challenge", Renewable, Sustainable Energy Review, Volume, 13, pp. 248-252, 2009
11. Ezzati, M., Lopez, A., Rodgers, A., Vander Hoorn, S., and Murray, C., "Comparative Quantification of Health Risks", Global and Regional Burden of Disease due to Selected Major Risk Factors, Geneva, Switzerland, WHO, pp. 1435-1493, 2004
12. Sahito, A.R., Mahar, R.B., Memon, M.A., and Brohi K.M., "Assessment of Waste Agricultural Biomass for Prevailing Management, Quantification and Energy Potential at Sanghar Pakistan", Waste and Biomass Valorization, Volume 3, pp. 275-284, 2012
13. Akinbami, J.F.K., Ilori, M.O., Oyebisi, T.O., Akinwumi, I.O., and Adeoti, O., "Biogas Energy Use in Nigeria", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, Volume 5, pp. 97-112, 2001
14. Llori, M.O., Oyebisi T.O., Adekoya L.O., and Adeoti, "Engineering design Nigeria", Technovtion, Volume 20, pp. 103-108, 2000.
15. Osuhor, C.U., Alawa, J.P., and Akpa, G.N., "Research note: Manure Production by Goats Grazing Native Pasture in Nigeria", Tropical Grasslands, Volume 36, pp. 123-125, 2002
16. Karttek, D., Chowdhry, V.S., Suresh, J., Punyakumari, B., Dharma Rao, M.V., and Srivani, M., "Potential for Value Addition of Buffalo Dung through Eco-Friendly Disposal in India", International Research Journal of Environment Science, Volume 3, No. 12, pp. 52-57, 2014.
17. Vija, V.K., "Integrated Cycle of Cow-Project for Rural Self Sustainable Economic Development", Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 2006
18. NERC, Manure Generation Calculator, https://nerc.org/ documents/manure.../manure_generation_calculator.xl. (Retrieved 8th January, 2016)
19. Afzal, M., and Naqvi, A.N., "Livestock Resources of Pakistan: Present Status and Future Trends", Quarterly Science Vision, Volume 9, pp. 1-2, 2003-4
20. Ahmad, S., "Energy and Bio-Fertilizers for Rural Pakistan", Opportunities, Integrated Technology Applications, Vision and Future Strategy Managing Natural Resources for Sustaining Future Agriculture Research Briefings, Volume 2, No. 17, 2010
21. Nation Master http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/ ene_ele_con_percap-energy electricity-consumptionper-capita. (Accessed 4th October, 2016).
22. Fox, J., "Firewood Consumption in a Nepali Village", Environmental Management, Volume 8, No. 3, pp. 243-250, 1984
23. Bhatt, B.P., and Sachin, M.S., "Firewood Consumption Pattern of Different Tribal Communities in North East India", Energy Policy, Volume 32, pp. 1-6, 2004
24. Ndinechi, M.C., Onwusuru, I.M., and Ogungbenro, O.A., "Academic Research Economic Potentials of Animal Dung as A Viable Source of Biomass Energy", International [ISSN-L: 2223-9553, ISSN: 2223-9944], Volume 2, No. 1, 2012
25. Patrick, E., "Sexual Violence and Firewood Collection in Darfur", Force Migr Review, volume 27, pp. 40-1, 2007.
26. Sagagi, B., Garba, and Usman, N.S., "Studies of Biogas Production from Fruits, Vegetables and Cow Dung", Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Volume 2, No. 1, pp.115-118, 2009.
27. Bonten, L.T.C., Zwart, K.B., Rietra, R.P.J.J., Postma, R., and de Haas, M.J.G., "Bio-Slurry as Fertilizer is BioSlurry from Household Digesters a Better Fertilizer than Manure? A Literature Review", Wageningen, Alterra Wageningen UR, University & Research Centre, Alterra Report 2519, pp. 46, 2014
28. Wah, L.C., "The Study on Indoor Environmental Quality and Effectiveness of Adopting Shera Instead Using Timber as Sustainable Building Material in Kampong Villa, Palau Banding", Asian Architecture [ARC 2234/ ARC 60403], 2015.
29. Raymond, M., "Environmental, Social and Other Positive Impacts of Building Household Biogas Plants in Rural India", World Council for Renewable Energy and EUROSOLAR, Sponsored Second World Renewable Energy Forum: Renewing Civilization by Renewable Energy, pp. 1-17, 2004.
30. Khurshid, M., "Biogas Development in Rural Areas of Pakistan: A Sustainable Option for Domestic Energy", A Scientific journal of COMSATS – Science Vision, Volume 15, No 2, pp. 57-61, 200
31. Mears E.T., and Anderson R.H., "Biogas Plant Construction Manual", United States Forces – Afghanistan", Joint Engineer Directorate Kabul, Afghanistan, pp. 23, April, 2011.